The Mysterious Maya essays

The Mysterious Maya essays In The Mysterious Maya, I learned a lot of things in regards to the history of the native inhabitants of Central America and in relation to the Spanish involvement thereafter. I learned a great deal about the culture and religion of the Maya and Aztec population. I had no idea the extent of the two cultures belief systems. In the article, I found the information on the Toltec-Aztec religion to be quite fascinating. The authors bring up the almost voodoo-like, superstitious, (p. 5) aspect of their culture: ...they cut open their victims chests and tore out their still-beating hearts as an offering to the sun god...they were feeding it with its favourite food, human life-force, which would ensure that the sun would keep on rising (p. 5). The term life-force raises my eyebrows. I would like to learn more in-depth about how their spirituality beyond the mutilation of the body. Do they believe in hell? What do they believe heaven is? What happens in heaven? To Western civilizations, this would seem frightening and very absurd that the idea of sacrificing a human being to appease the gods is practical or even viable. But I, like the authors, believe that it is not unlike the Christian model of mortification of the flesh and self-sacrifice (p. 2). It is interesting to me that Cortes and the Catholic Church didnt realize this parallel. Connecting this point, I learned how ethnocentric the newly-settled Spanish-Americans really were. It seems to me that even the more enlightened researchers and Catholic Friars who communicated with the Indians had this view. In an attempt to explain the backwards religion and culture of the Aztec and Maya populations, the unique and uncanny Mesopotamian similarities in architecture of Palenque, and even allusion that the Roman Empire (p.19) had a hand in the erection of ...

Dealing With A Characters Internal Thoughts

Dealing With A Characters Internal Thoughts Dealing With A Characters Internal Thoughts Dealing With A Characters Internal Thoughts By Maeve Maddox Suzanne Ouimet writes: I have written several books which are dialogue driven. What I am wondering is how to express my characters thoughts. It gets a bit tiresome to keep saying something like he thought to himself. (who else would he be talking to anyway?) I have also tried putting the characters thoughts in italics or some other font. That too may be disruptive. Any suggestions? Anyone who writes fiction wrestles with the problem of how to convey a characters inner dialogue without distracting from the flow of the story. How not to do it Setting off a characters thoughts in quotation marks is a definite no-no. Such a technique is confusing to the reader. When we see quotation marks, we have the expectation that a character is speaking the words aloud. Some writers and writers guides do use or recommend italics to designate thoughts, but the device is distracting to many readers. Using a different font would make things worse. As Suzanne points out, adding to himself to he thought is redundant. How to do it Sometimes it is necessary to use he thought, or she wondered to avoid confusion, but such tags can be used sparingly. Here are some illustrations from Ellizabeth Georges mystery Deception on His Mind. In an early scene, in which Rachel and Shalah are together, Rachels thoughts are conveyed without any tags through four paragraphs. Then, as Rachel watches Shalah, a tag becomes necessary: Shalah made two more folds in the nappie and placed it on the pile at the end of the ironing board. She walked to the window and checked on her nephews. It seemed a needless thing to do, Rachel thought. They were sleeping like the dead. When a character is alone, no tags are needed to convey unspoken thoughts. Chapter 10 of Georges novel begins with internal dialog: When shed first made her escape from the jewellery shop, Rachel had only one destination in mind. She knew that she had to do something to mitigate the uneasy situation in which her actions had placed Sahlah, not to mention herself. The problem was that she wasnt sure what that something might be. She knew only that she had to act at once. This internal dialog continues without tags for about five pages before another character appears. In one place in her internal musings, Rachel recalls the words of a salesman. George puts the recalled words in quotation marks: She didnt want to think of the flat. Our very last one, the salesman had called it The Marshall Plan In his writing guide, Evan Marshall does recommend using italics to convey thought. I dont agree with this particular piece of advice, but overall, Marshalls guide is one of my writing bibles. If youre not familiar with The Marshall Plan for Novel Writing, check it out. The cover copy bills it as a 16-step program guaranteed to take you from idea to completed manuscript. In Step 11, Marshall talks about how to convey feelings, thoughts, and back story without slowing down the reader. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†Connotations of 35 Words for Funny PeopleThe Difference Between e.g. and i.e.?

Chapters Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapters Summary - Essay Example n, use of least pressure, deterrence from the use of severe measures until inevitable, and specific and detailed description of performance problem to the employee. Managers must have full awareness of the problem to use the disciplinary process effectively. First the manager diagnoses the problem together with the employee, and after coaching and feedback, if the desired improvement is not seen, actions become unilateral from bilateral, thus causing the manager to decide what eventually needs to be done to halt the consistent poor performance of the employee. Progressive discipline involves least use of force to solve performance problem, but in case of failed solution of cooperative problem, consequences are applied. The three phases of progressive discipline process include identification and cooperation, cooperative consequences in the case of persistence of performance problem, and unilateral consequences. Identification and cooperation includes identification of problem and pre paration of plan to solve it. Cooperative consequences include identification and application of consequences. Unilateral consequences include taking severe action in case of persistence of problem remaining within the labor agreement constraints. Commitment and a different mindset is required to manage performance. Good management aims at adding value instead of speeding up the processes to get everything done quickly. Common managerial objections include being too busy to take more work, not being clear on the manager’s job, considering the system dreadful, dissatisfaction of the employees with the appraisal process, tendency of employees to benefit from the cooperative approach of the manager and the power being shifted from the manager’s hand into the employees’ as a result, considering the process of performance appraisal useless until used for rewarding employees, lack of acknowledgment of the imperfection of any pay for performance system, fear of the manager to lose

Queer Conversation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Queer Conversation - Essay Example This definition obviously draws heavily on the original definition, creating boundaries of normality and criminalizing or stigmatizing anything that falls outside of it. Queer people then moved to reclaim the word, recognizing its power and the power it could give them if it was successfully reclaimed, which it eventually was. Queer then branched out to describe a political, academic and social understanding of non-hegemonic worldviews (in addition to the more popular understanding of queer as a ‘catchall’ for LGBTQ2SAA etc. people). This, definition, probably more than anything else, defines the word queer today. Yet as a word that combats hegemony it is hard to nail down a distinct and individual definition of queer or queerness – as it probably should be. Michael Warner, and Kate Harding, the authors of The Trouble With Normal, and How to Fuck a Fat Girl respectively, never explicitly state definitions of queer, though each implicitly recognizes disruption of h egemonic systems as central to the queerness, individually exploring different aspects of that disruption. Michael Warner’s chapter in The Trouble With Normal provides an incredibly useful framing structure for the rest of the discussion of queerness and queer identity. His article describes the evolution of the â€Å"Gay and Lesbian movement† (45), something that must be clearly separated from the queer movement. Warner describes how early gay and lesbian movements attempted to ingratiate themselves with the traditional power structures in society, â€Å"home, church and state† (48), in order to gain power and acceptance, or at least a little bit less oppression, in society. Such people attempted to argue that a person’s sexual identity is â€Å"irrelevant to [their] ideals, principles, hopes and aspirations† (46). Yet Warner argues that this is not an especially useful way of fighting for dealing with hegemonic society

Experience of the readers Essay Example for Free

Experience of the readers Essay I have always looked up to my fathers good qualities and he was able to guide me in developing my interest in Economics. I have discovered that Economics have a wide range of topics and one of them would be dealing with people through Social Science. The scope it covers would range from analysis of figures to human relations and interaction. In order to fully understand this topic, skills and critical thinking should be integrated with important knowledge and logic. I view Economics in a fascinating way since I look at problems as challenges that are both innovative and worthwhile as I device solutions through the scientific method. I find joy in dealing with complicated problems since the task of using the mind as a tool is a very good way to express my interests. I believe that no matter how hard a problem is, there is a solution that can be formulated in order to compensate for insufficiencies. Though economics is a complicated field composed of many factors and variables, I view it as one would see through a kaleidoscopic where in the images viewed are beautiful pictures that exhibit complication yet there are qualities of beauty and art. Economics is an art in itself where in it works to ease the burden of the population through proper allocation of resources and other means. I believe in the role of the economist and intend be a part of the central economy as a person dealing with problems and formulating solutions. Answer (2) The author that I enjoy the most and see as the most significant is Mark Twain. His literary work is a great tool to identify the deterrents of society through satirical social commentary as a criticism on the hypocrisy highlighting the negative quality of characters being subjected. He used his works as a way to express his grievances which makes him a tool for change for the betterment of society. The novel which served a great role during his time is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It has showed the true colors of society that few dared to expose. His significant effort on this issue paved the way to the formulation of a new outlook in life. The art of the literary work of Mark Twain also shows good quality in the style and presentation which greatly enhances the experience of the readers. The style is smooth and precise in which the ideas are very accurate and depicts the real life condition of that time. The plot unfolds in a way that story is presented in a fascinating way that gives meaning and continuity with the story. It incites deep thinking that will help the readers identify the necessary reformation needed at that time. The pictures illustrated in the novel are a timeless one since new ideas can be gained every time a person repeatedly reads it. He depicts society as something in need of reformation and renewal together with the social trend that shows racial discrimination and oppression.

Reason to Quit Smoking Essay -- Tobacco Nicotine Smoking Cigarettes

As many know that the effects on people caused by smoking it crossing the final borders of danger to quit that sickening habit of smoking. Hence if I get a chance to ban anything in the world, it will be smoking. Millions of people around the world enjoy the disgusting habit of smoking. This habit contributes to an outbreak of diseases which brings pain, suffering and death to millions every year. We should end this suffering by prohibiting smoking in all its forms. Smokers, non-smokers, and the environment are all adversely affected by smoking. Smoking is one of the worst things you can do to your body. The list of additives allowed in the manufacture of cigarettes consists of 600 possible ingredients. When burned, cigarette smoke contains over 4000 chemicals, with over 40 of them being known carcinogens. Arsenic, carbon monoxide, methanol, cadmium, and hydrogen cyanide are just a few of the ingredients found in today's cigarettes. Some other ingredients include rat poison, lighter fluid, paint stripper, and tar. Studies show that smokers are much more likely to die premature...

Design of Industrial Robots

Abstraction Today, industrial automaton is used in assorted intents such as welding, picture, choice and topographic point, production review, and proving. Because of its popular, industrial automaton has become interesting field, many companies, research centres and scientists spend much of money, clip to better features of industrial automaton. Simulation is a cardinal competency for both robot makers, users and scientists to better automaton public presentation, safety and cut down automaton cost, power, clip. In this thesis, brief kinematics, kineticss and control theory are mentioned ; equations from these theories are applied for R-R and R-R-R operator, so these consequences are compared with simulation consequences to verify simulation consequences. In add-on, a simple existent theoretical account is built with 2 dynamixel servo motors ; the existent theoretical account can make simple work such as traveling point to indicate, following consecutive line. The simulations of automaton operator are performed by Recurdyn-Colink and Recurdyn-Matlab/Simulink. Forward and reverse kinematics are used to simulation automaton operator to execute progress trajectory way, the consequences from these simulations are used in kineticss subdivision. PD feedforward control besides is indicated, the control system based on independent articulation control, which frequently is known as single-input/ single-output system. These consequences from simulation are tantamount with theory. These consequences besides provide a batch of utile information for a batch of intents such as layout rating to avoid obstruction, optimisation flight way, kinematics, kineticss study. Keywords: automaton operator, kinematics, kineticss, feedforward control. 1 IntroductionMotivation and history of industrial automatonToday, we can run into industrial automaton in many mills in the universe. Applications of industrial automatons include welding, picture, choice and topographic point ( packing or SMT line ) , production review, and proving. Harmonizing to the International Federation of Robotics ( IFR ) , by the terminal of 2011, there were at least 1,153,000 operational industrial automatons. And IFR estimated the world-wide gross revenues of industrial automatons about US $ 8.5 billion. If cost of package, peripherals and systems technology are included, the industrial automaton market was estimated US $ 25.5 billion in 2011. Therefore, industrial automaton has been become an interesting field. Along with development of industrial automaton, simulation and theoretical account of industrial automatons are of import. They can supply a batch of utile information for many intents such as layout rating, kinematic, dynamic survey, off-line sched uling to avoid obstruction in the undertaking infinite and design mechanical construction of automatons. The history of industrial automaton has associated with the development of computing machine aided design ( CAD ) and computing machine aided fabrication ( CAM ) systems. In 1954, George Devol applied for the first robotics patents ( granted in 1961 ) . In 1956, Devol and Joseph F. Engelberger formed the world’s foremost robot company was Unimation which was based on Devol’s original patents and Engelberger has been called as the male parent of robotics. Unimation has been built with hydraulic actuators and programmed in joint co-ordinates. The angle of each articulation was stored during a teaching stage and replayed in operation. In the 70s the automaton industry increased really rapidly because of the tremendous investings by the automotive industry. In Europe, ABB Robotics and KUKA Robotics brought automatons to the market in 1973. ABB Robotics introduced IRB 6, it was become the first commercially operator which controlled all electric by micro-processor in the universe. The first two IRB 6 automatons were installed in production for crunching and smoothing pipe decompression sicknesss in 1974. In 1973 KUKA Robotics built its first automaton, FAMULUS, besides one of the first articulated automatons have driven six electromechanically axes. In US, many US companies entered the field, including elephantine companies such as General Electric, and General Motors ( a joint venture formed by General Motors and FANUC LTD of Japan called FANUC Robotics ) . Other companies besides started robotics concern such as Automatix and Adept Technology, Inc. In 1984, Unimation was acquired by Westinghouse Electric Corporati on for 107 million U.S. dollars. After that Westinghouse sold Unimation to Staubli Faverges SCA of France in 1988, which is still doing articulated automatons for general industrial and cleanroom applications and even bought the robotic division of Bosch in late 2004.Hardware and SoftwareDuring this thesis, three package ( RecurDyn, SolidWorks, Matlab ) have been used to work out this thesis assignment. Dynamixel servo motor besides was used for experimental intents.RecurDyn V8R2RecurDyn is developed by FunctionBay, Inc. which is a professional CAE company and provides MultiBody Dynamics ( MBD ) . RecurA ­Dyn is a modern CAE package suite which offers the alone combination of Multibody Dynamics, Finite Element Analysis and Controls. Dynamic Rigid and Flexible Body Analysis to the full integrated additive and nonlinear Finite Element Analysis supply item information of realistic theoretical accounts for design surveies and bettering merchandise public presentation. By utilizing FE mesh, RecurDyn can imitate overall gesture every bit good as local distortions, strains and emphasiss. RecurDyn CoLink, an incorporate signal flow oriented control design tool. It provides off-line simulation of mechatronic systems, traveling far beyond the classical Co-Simulation attack. If a elaborate Recurdyn multi flexible organic structure dynamic works theoretical account is used, the user can cut down the figure of cringles during the practical accountant parametric quantity optimisation procedure. In add-on, RecurDyn besides can link with Matlab/Simulink which has a batch of block libraries, plan linguistic communication tool, etc. for dynamic system. Last but non least, RecurDyn has supported a batch of CAD package which are used as the Parasolid Kernel plan.SolidWorksSolidWorks is really popular 3D mechanical computing machine aided design package which runs on Microsoft Windows. It is established by Dassault Systemes SolidWorks Corp. It used Parasolid Kernel attack to make theoretical accounts and assemblies. Presently, over 2 million applied scientists and interior decorator usage SolidWorks at more than 165000 companies in whole universe.MatlabMATLAB is a numerical computer science environment and fourth-generation scheduling linguistic communication including C, C++ , Java, and FORTRAN. Established and developed by MathWorks, MATLAB is good known for matrix uses, plotting of maps and informations, creative activity of user interfaces, and interfacing with plans written in other linguistic communications. In add-on, Simulink is an add-on merchandise with block libraries, informations flow graphical plan linguistic communication tool for mold, simulation, and analysing multi-domain dynamic and embedded systems.DynamixelDYNAMIXEL is a consecutive high public presentation networked actuators for automatons developed by ROBOTIS. DYNAMIXEL can be used for multi-joint robot systems such as robotic weaponries, robotic manus, bi-pedal automaton, hexapod automaton, snake automaton, kinematic art, animatronics and mechanization, etc†¦ DYNAMIXEL can be controlled utilizing Personal computer through USB2Dynamixel by many package such as Matlab, python, Microsoft Visual Studio ( C++ , C # ) , Visual Basic, Java, LabVIEW, occultation, ROS ( TTL/RS485/RS232 communicating ) . DYNAMIXEL besides can be controlled utilizing sole accountant such as CM-5 ( ATMega128 ) , CM-700 ( ATMega2561 ) , CM-510 ( ATMega2561 ) , CM-530 ( ARM Cortex M3 ) . Fig1. Dynamixel servo motorOutlinepartChapter 2. Background theory 2.1 Positions, Orientations, and Frames 2.1.1 Position In a co-ordinate system, any point can place with a 3Ãâ€"1 place vector in the existence. The place of point P in co-ordinate system is ordered set of three Numberss. Fig2. Vector comparative to border { A } 2.1.2 Orientation 2.1.2 Frames In robotics, the state of affairs of a place and an orientation brace arises so frequently is called a frame, which is a set of four vectors including one vector describes place and 3 vectors describe orientation. The base frame, { B } The base frame has place at the base of the automaton operator. It is appended to a unmoving portion of the automaton and frequently called link 0. Fig3. The criterion frame The station frame, { S } The station frame has location in a task-relevant, in the figure above, it is at the corner of a tabular array which the automaton is to work, and all motions of the operator are implemented comparative to it. Sometimes, it is besides called as the existence frame, universe frame or the undertaking frame. The carpus frame, { W } The carpus frame { W } is fastened to the last nexus of the operator. { W } frequently has its beginning fixed at a point called the carpus of the operator, and { W } will travel with the last nexus of the operator. The tool frame, { T } The tool frame { T } is appended to the terminal of any tool the automaton happens to be keeping. { T } is normally located with its beginning between the fingertips of the automaton when the manus is empty. The end frame, { G } The end frame has location to which the automaton is to travel the tool. At the terminal of the gesture, the tool frame should be brought to happenstance with the end frame. Chapter 3 Operator Kinematicss Kinematicss is the scientific discipline of gesture including the place, the speed, the acceleration, and all higher order derived functions of the place variables. This chapter has 4th subdivisions: the Denavit-Hartenberg ( D-H ) parametric quantities, the forward kinematics, the opposite kinematics, the Jacobian. 3.1 Denavit-Hartenberg Any robot operator can be described kinematically by the values of four measures for each nexus. Two describe the nexus itself, and two describe the link’s connexion to a adjacent nexus. The definition of mechanisms by 4th measures is a convention normally called the Denavit-Hartenberg notation. Fig4. Description of D-H parametric quantities aI= the distance from ZIto Zi+1measured along TenI = the angle from ZIto Zi+1measured about TenI vitamin DI= the distance from Teni-1to XImeasured along ZI = the angle from Teni-1to XImeasured about ZI 3.2 Forward Kinematicss Forward kinematics is used to calculate the place and orientation of the tool frame from joint parametric quantities. The transmutation from frame { one } to border { i-1 } ( 3.1 ) The nexus transmutations is multiplied together to happen the individual transmutation that relates frame { N } to border { 0 } ( 3.2 ) 3.2.1 R-R operator forward kinematics Lengths of two links are L1 and L2. Fig5. R-R nexus frame assignmentLinkIaIvitamin DII1000120Liter102Table1. D-H parametric quantities of R-R operator Computational transmutation matrices of each nexus ( 3.3 ) ( 3.4 ) Therefore, ( 3.5 ) 3.2.2 R-R-R operator forward kinematics Fig6. R-R-R operator parametric quantitiesI1002-9000304-900Table2. D-H parametric quantities of R-R operator Transformation matrix for each nexus: ( 3.6 ) ( 3.7 ) ( 3.8 ) ( 3.9 ) ( 3.10 ) The transmutation matrixis gained by matrix generation of the single nexus matrices. At first,is gained by multiplyingand =( 3.11 ) =( 3.12 ) Finally = =( 3.13 ) Here, ( 3.14 ) ( 3.15 ) ( 3.16 ) The matrixestablishes the kinematics of R-R-R automaton operator ; it expresses the relationship between frame { 4 } and frame { 0 } about place and orientation. 3.3 Inverse Kinematicss Inverse kinematics is survey of happening the needed articulation angles to put the tool frame, { T } , comparative to the station frame, { S } . The reverse kinematics job is well harder than the forward kinematics job. Unlike forward kinematics which ever exist solution, solution for reverse kinematics may non be. The being of a solution defines the workspace of a operator. If the exist solution, there can even be an infinite figure of solutions, for instant â€Å"elbow up† and â€Å"elbow down† solutions. 3.3.1 Using for R-R Transformation from frame { 2 } to border { 0 } is mentioned by forward kinematics. In frame { 2 } , the co-ordinate of point P is [ L20 0 1 ] . In the frame { 0 } , the co-ordinate of point P is [ten Y0 1 ] . Therefore ( 3.17 ) ( 3.18 ) Square booth equations so add them: ( 3.19 ) ( 3.20 ) ( 3.21 ) ( 3.22 ) Writingten, Yin the signifier ( 3.23 ) ( 3.24 ) Where ( 3.25 ) ( 3.26 ) If ( 3.27 ) And ( 3.28 ) Then ( 3.29 ) ( 3.30 ) Equation ( 3.23 ) and ( 3.24 ) can be written as ( 3.31 ) ( 3.32 ) So ( 3.33 ) ( 3.34 ) Therefore, ( 3.35 ) Finally, equation for?1 ( 3.36 ) See equation ( 3.22 ) , minus or plus gestural corresponds positions of R-R operator. In this state of affairs, â€Å"elbow up† and â€Å"elbow down† are mentioned. Fig7. Two positions of R-R operator 3.3.1 Using for R-R-R From forward kinematics of R-R-R operator So, ( 3.37 ) From equation ( 3.6 ) , Inverting matrix ( 3.38 ) Substitute in ( 3.37 ) ( 3.39 ) So, ( 3.40 ) See about trigonometric permutations ( 3.41 ) ( 3.42 ) Where ( 3.43 ) ( 3.44 ) Using ( 3.41 ) and ( 3.42 ) , equation ( 3.40 ) can be written as ( 3.45 ) ( 3.46 ) ( 3.47 ) So ( 3.48 ) ( 3.49 ) Finally, the solution for: ( 3.50 ) See elements ( 1,4 ) and ( 3,4 ) of the matrix in the right-hand of equation ( 3.39 ) ( 3.51 ) ( 3.52 ) Square both ( 3.51 ) and ( 3.52 ) so add the resulting equations ( 3.53 ) ( 3.54 ) Or ( 3.55 ) Where ( 3.56 ) Equation ( 3.55 ) is of the same signifier as ( 3.40 ) so can be solved by the same method. Therefore, solution foris: ( 3.57 ) So find solution for, consider: ( 3.58 ) ( 3.59 ) Comparing both the ( 1,4 ) and ( 2,4 ) elements of matrix in right-hand of ( 3.59 ) ( 3.60 ) ( 3.61 ) These equations can be solved at the same time forand ( 3.62 ) ( 3.63 ) From equation ( 3.62 ) and ( 3.63 ) , ( 3.64 ) Because, therefore the concluding solution foris: ( 3.65 ) The subtraction or plus mark in ( 3.50 ) and ( 3.57 ) do four possible position of operator. Fig8. Fourth positions of R-R-R operator 3.4 Jacobians Relationship between the joint speed and the Cartesian speed is determined Jacobian WhereVis a speed vector in Cartesian and ? is the vector of joint angles, J ( ? ) is Jacobian. The Jacobian has figure of rows is peers the figure of grade of freedom in the Cartesian infinite, and figure of columns is equal the figure of joint. For case, a general automaton with six articulations, The Jacobian is matrix of 6Ãâ€"6,is 6Ãâ€"1, and Cartesian speedVis 6x1with 3Ãâ€"1 additive speed vector and 3Ãâ€"1 rotational speed vector. Example for R-R operator theoretical account The Jacobian can be written a 2Ãâ€"2 matrix which relates joint speed to end-effector speed. The location of point P ( end-effector ) is (ten, Y) so, from equation ( 3.17 ) and ( 3.18 ) ( 3.66 ) Derivative ( 3.66 ) ( 3.67 ) Or ( 3.68 ) So, the Jacobian in frame { 0 } is ( 3.69 ) Other progress of Jacobian is invertible. From ( 3.70 ) , joint rate can be calculated with a certain speed vector in Cartesian co-ordinate. Note that most operators will hold values of ? where the Jacobian turns into singular. ( 3.70 ) Chapter 4 Manipulator Dynamics In this chapter, equations of gesture for operator with torsions applied by actuators or external forces applied to the operator are mentioned. Chpater 5 Trajectory and Control Mentions [ 1 ] John J. Craig, 2005, Introduction to Robotics Mechanics and Control, 3rded. , Pearson Education, Inc. [ 2 ] Ahmed A. Shabana, 2005, Dynamics of Multibody Systems, 3rded. , Cambridge University Press. [ 3 ] Reza N. Jazar, 2010, Theory of Applied Robotics Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control, 2neodymiumed. , Springer. [ 4 ] RECURDYN, 2012, RecurDyn/ Solver Theoretical Manual, 8Thursdayed. , FunctionBay, Inc. [ 5 ] Frank L.Lewis, Darren M.Dawson, Chaouki T.Abdallah, 2004, Robot Manipulator Control Theory and Practice, 2neodymiumed. , Marcel Dekker, Inc. [ 6 ] Wikipedia

Analysing Strategic Issues in Geely Automobile †Industry Structures and Dynamics Essay

Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd. , formerly known as Guorun Holdings Ltd. , embarked on a major restructuring in 2003. By establishing two joint-venture associated companies in Ningbo and Shanghai with Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Ltd. , a major privately-owned auto manufacturer in China, the company had successfully entered into China’s booming sedan industry. In the same year, the company set up an auto parts subsidiary in Taizhou of the Zhejiang province, further consolidating the foundation of the company’s investments in China’s automobile industry, thus successfully transforming the company’s key businesses into automobile manufacturing and the related areas. In May 2004, the company’s two associated companies agreed to acquire other auto-related assets under Zhejiang Geely Holding. After the acquisitions, the automobile research and development organizations under Zhejiang Geely Holding, all operating production plants, car models, and respective engines and gearboxes being launched or to be launched would have been included in the two associates formed by the company. This restructuring should enable the company to share the same interests and benefits with Zhejiang Geely Holding in their future developments in auto-related businesses. Analysing strategic issues in Geely Automobile – Industry structures and dynamics (5 forces) Michael E. Porter’s five-forces model assess the nature of competition in an industry, it looks at the strength of five distinct competitive forces, which include the Degree of Rivalry, The Threat of Entry, The Threat of Substitutes, Buyer Power and the Supplier Power. When these forces are being taken together, they determine long-term profitability and competition. Porter’s work has had a greater influence on business strategy than any other theory in the last half of the twentieth century. (Porter,1998) Out of them, the rivalry between existing sellers in the market, the potential threat of new sellers and substitute products entering and becoming available in the market are chosen to facilitate a greater discuss on.

Microwave Radiation Definition

Microwave Radiation Definition Microwave radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation. The prefix micro- in microwaves doesnt mean microwaves have micrometer wavelengths, but rather that microwaves have very small wavelengths compared with traditional radio waves (1 mm to 100,000 km wavelengths). In the electromagnetic spectrum, microwaves fall between infrared radiation and radio waves. Frequencies Microwave radiation has a frequency between 300 MHz and 300 GHz (1 GHz to 100 GHz in radio engineering) or a wavelength ranging from 0.1 cm to 100 cm. The range includes the SHF (super high frequency), UHF (ultra high frequency) and EHF (extremely high frequency or millimeter waves) radio bands. While lower frequency radio waves can follow the contours of the Earth and bounce off layers in the atmosphere, microwaves only travel line-of-sight, typically limited to 30-40 miles on the Earths surface. Another important property of microwave radiation is that its absorbed by moisture. A phenomenon called rain fade occurs at the high end of the microwave band. Past 100 GHz, other gases in the atmosphere absorb the energy, making air opaque in the microwave range, although transparent in the visible and infrared region. Band Designations Because microwave radiation encompasses such a broad wavelength/frequency range, it is subdivided into IEEE, NATO, EU or other radar band designations: Band Designation Frequency Wavelength Uses L band 1 to 2 GHz 15 to 30 cm amateur radio, mobile phones, GPS, telemetry S band 2 to 4 GHz 7.5 to 15 cm radio astronomy, weather radar, microwave ovens, Bluetooth, some communication satellites, amateur radio, cell phones C band 4 to 8 GHz 3.75 to 7.5 cm long-distance radio X band 8 to 12 GHz 25 to 37.5 mm satellite communications, terrestrial broadband, space communications, amateur radio, spectroscopy Ku band 12 to 18 GHz 16.7 to 25 mm satellite communications, spectroscopy K band 18 to 26.5 GHz 11.3 to 16.7 mm satellite communications, spectroscopy, automotive radar, astronomy Ka band 26.5 to 40 GHz 5.0 to 11.3 mm satellite communications, spectroscopy Q band 33 to 50 GHz 6.0 to 9.0 mm automotive radar, molecular rotational spectroscopy, terrestrial microwave communication, radio astronomy, satellite communications U band 40 to 60 GHz 5.0 to 7.5 mm V band 50 to 75 GHz 4.0 to 6.0 mm molecular rotational spectroscopy, millimeter wave research W band 75 to 100 GHz 2.7 to 4.0 mm radar targeting and tracking, automotive radar, satellite communication F band 90 to 140 GHz 2.1 to 3.3 mm SHF, radio astronomy, most radars, satellite tv, wireless LAN D band 110 to 170 GHz 1.8 to 2.7 mm EHF, microwave relays, energy weapons, millimeter wave scanners, remote sensing, amateur radio, radio astronomy Uses Microwaves are used primarily for communications, include analog and digital voice, data, and video transmissions. They are also used for radar (RAdio Detection and Ranging) for weather tracking, radar speed guns, and air traffic control. Radio telescopes use large dish antennas to determine distances, map surfaces, and study radio signatures from planets, nebulas, stars, and galaxies. Microwaves are used to transmit thermal energy to heat food and other materials. Sources Cosmic microwave background radiation is a natural source of microwaves. The radiation is studied to help scientists understand the Big Bang. Stars, including the Sun, are natural microwave sources. Under the right conditions, atoms and molecules can emit microwaves. Man-made sources of microwaves include microwave ovens, masers, circuits, communication transmission towers, and radar. Either solid state devices or special vacuum tubes may be used to produce microwaves. Examples of solid-state devices include masers (essentially lasers where the light is in the microwave range), Gunn diodes, field-effect transistors, and IMPATT diodes. The vacuum tube generators use  electromagnetic fields to direct electrons in a density-modulated mode, where groups of electrons pass through the device rather than a stream. These devices include the klystron, gyrotron, and magnetron. Health Effects Microwave radiation is called radiation because it radiates outward and not because its either radioactive or ionizing in nature. Low levels of microwave radiation are not known to produce adverse health effects. However, some studies indicate long-term exposure may act as a carcinogen. Microwave exposure can cause cataracts, as dielectric heating denatures proteins in the eyes lens, turning it milky. While all tissues are susceptible to heating, the eye is particularly vulnerable because it doesnt have blood vessels to modulate temperature. Microwave radiation is associated with the microwave auditory effect, in which microwave exposure produces buzzing sounds and clicks. This is caused by thermal expansion within the inner ear. Microwave burns can occur in deeper tissue- not just on the surface- because microwaves are more readily absorbed by tissue that contains a lot of water. However, lower levels of exposure produce heat without burns. This effect may be used for a variety of purposes. The United States military uses millimeter waves to repel targeted persons with uncomfortable heat. As another example, in 1955, James Lovelock reanimated frozen rats using microwave diathermy.   Reference Andjus, R.K.; Lovelock, J.E. (1955). Reanimation of rats from body temperatures between 0 and 1  °C by microwave diathermy. The Journal of Physiology. 128 (3): 541–546.

Change Your Life Forever by Spending 1 Hour a Day Doing These 5 Things

Change Your Life Forever by Spending 1 Hour a Day Doing These 5 Things Most people  only spend 8 hours per day at work. If you work 5  days a week, that’s 40 hours. Even if your job is super intense and you’re working 60-80 hour weeks, you still have hours and hours of time to yourself. Okay, you have to spend a lot of that sleeping- that’s important. But in the hours of leisure time left to you, there are things you could be doing to vastly improve your future. Rather than just blowing all those hours on happy hours and Netflix, why not try spending an hour a day doing these 5 things and see what happens? 1. Make your evenings matterDon’t just rely on your working hours to gain skills and knowledge and make your career magic happen. Try doing a little bit each day off the clock that will help you advance in your career, not just get your daily job tasks done. Take online classes, develop new skills, practice and master old ones. Keep pushing yourself to learn more and do more and you’ll be amazed at how much faste r you advance at work.2. Read moreIt almost doesn’t matter what you’re reading. Keeping the habit, taking in knowledge, considering other points of view- all of this makes you more interesting and interested in the world around you. One hour spent learning about a new topic makes you that much closer to being respected by your boss and peers as â€Å"in the know.† Plus, the benefits to your general knowledge and vocabulary will be palpable.3. Side projectsIf your company won’t give you the opportunity to take your new skills and interests for a test spin, try volunteering. Find a way to have practical expression of what you’re learning so it can really start to translate into workable results. If nothing else, these side hobbies and projects will help keep you feeling fulfilled.4. Build your networkEven if you just spend 10 minutes a day maintaining your contacts, reach out, participate in conversations on social media or LinkedIn, and pursue new o nes. You’ll start to see a major difference and that work will really pay off when you need to rely on your network to change jobs or take your career to the next level.5. Start nowDon’t start this next week- or after the holidays. Start tonight. Don’t put off what can become such an ingrained habit that you hardly realize it is a chore you’ve set yourself.If you can get to the point where you are doing these 5 things naturally? You’ll be well on your way to actualizing your success.

Japan Meiji period and China great leap forward Essay

Japan Meiji period and China great leap forward - Essay Example There are significant periods within the economy of nations that have contributed the historical significance to yield a period of success. These periods have been compiled to generate significant contributions towards the economy. The most noticeable moments have been those that involve change and progress within the society to include rebellion or moments developed through famous leaders. The competing powers have been included in the economy of famous nations in America and Germany. However, the leading Asia nations that have been highlighted as the competition within the economy have included significant improvement. The Great Leap and Meiji era presented periods that saw significant progress in Asia’s leading nation progress. The government presented the measures to create development and allow for the gradual economic progress. The periods had been developed at stages that the society desired change and tactics to cope with the harsh environmental presentation. Through Mao and the Meiji emperor, the example had been issued on the impacts of famous leaders in influencing positive societal progress. These periods are defined better with the results they developed into the economic progress to establish a dominant nation in Japan and China. The Meiji era had, however, been more successful because it had accorded power to individual development rather than the system in China that grouped members into communes. Mao provided the initiative in 1958 to boost the economy of China. He had laid the provision to transform China’s economy in a period that would last 30 years and match that of America. He had performed the analysis to provide the evidence needed to complete the task.